The threat of a worldwide influenza pandemic has greatly increased over the past decade with the emergence of highly virulent avian influenza strains.The increased frequency of drug-resistant influenza strains against currently available antiviral drugs requires urgent development of new strategies for antiviral therapy, too.The research in the fie
The flight muscles, dorsal air sacs, wing blades, and thoracic cuticle of the Drosophila adult function in concert, and their progenitor cells develop together in the wing imaginal GINGER GROUND disc.The wing disc orchestrates dorsal air sac development by producing decapentaplegic and fibroblast growth factor that travel via specific cytonemes in
Bioinspired optimization algorithms have been widely used to solve various scientific and engineering problems.Inspired by biological lifecycle, this paper presents a novel optimization algorithm called lifecycle-based swarm optimization (LSO).Biological lifecycle includes four stages: birth, growth, reproduction, and death.With this process, even
Retinal degeneration causes vision loss and threatens the health of elderly individuals worldwide.Evidence indicates that the activation of the complement system is associated with retinal degeneration.However, the mechanism of complement signaling in retinal degeneration needs to be further studied.In this study, we show that the expression Bath S